The Tax Calculator estimates your US federal income tax using current tax brackets. It supports five modes: federal income tax calculation, effective tax rate, tax bracket finder, marginal versus effective rate comparison, and sales tax calculation.
Enter your taxable income and filing status to see your estimated tax liability, effective rate, and a bracket-by-bracket breakdown showing exactly how much tax you owe at each rate.
This is a simplified estimate for educational purposes. Consult a tax professional for actual tax advice.
Your calculations will appear here
The US federal income tax system uses progressive brackets. The 2025 brackets for single filers are: 10% up to $11,600, 12% up to $47,150, 22% up to $100,525, 24% up to $191,950, 32% up to $243,725, 35% up to $609,350, and 37% above.
The standard deduction reduces taxable income. For 2025: $14,600 (single), $29,200 (married filing jointly), $21,900 (head of household).
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of income. Your effective rate is total tax divided by total income. The effective rate is always lower due to progressive brackets.
Sales tax is a consumption tax at point of sale. Rates vary by state (0% to 7.25%) and locality.
Problem: Estimate federal income tax for $85,000.
Solution: Taxable = $70,400. Apply progressive brackets.
Answer: $10,541 (effective rate approximately 12.4%)
Problem: What bracket for $55,000 single?
Solution: Taxable = $40,400. Falls in 12% bracket.
Answer: 12% marginal tax bracket
Problem: Compare rates for $120,000 single.
Solution: Taxable = $105,400. Marginal is 24%.
Answer: Marginal: 24%, Effective: approximately 14.8%
Problem: $49.99 item with 8.25% sales tax.
Solution: Tax = $4.12.
Answer: $54.11 total
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